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And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon. And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. Rev. 13:11,12
Listed below are just a fraction of the events and organizations that are leading towards a one world government and one world religion. The majority of the New World Order is being prepared behind the scenes. Secrecy is how they plan to bring this about for if the “common” people truly knew what was going on, there would be an uprising and revolution. Sadly, the Bible predicts that the people will wake up too late to do anything about it, just as in their spiritual life, they do not recognize their true condition and many people are going to their graves unprepared for the judgment to come.
Army Silences Catholic Chaplains - February 6, 2012 - The Obama administration has been accused of telling Catholic military chaplains what they can and cannot say from their pulpits after the Army ordered Catholic chaplains not to read a letter to parishioners from their archbishop.
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 - December 31, 2011 - The Act authorizes $662 billion in funding, among other things "for the defense of the United States and its interests abroad. The most controversial provisions to receive wide attention are contained in Title X, Subtitle D, entitled "Counter-Terrorism." In particular, sub-sections 1021 and 1022, which deal with detention of persons the government suspects of involvement in terrorism, have generated controversy as to their legal meaning and their potential implications for abuse of Presidential authority. The detention provisions of the Act have received critical attention by, among others, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and some media sources which are concerned about the scope of the President's authority, including contentions that those whom they claim may be held indefinitely could include U.S. citizens arrested on American soil, including arrests by members of the Armed Forces.
Vatican Calls for Global Authority on Economy, Raps "Idolatry of the Market" - October 24, 2011 - The Vatican called on Monday for the establishment of a “global public authority” and a “central world bank” to rule over financial institutions that have become outdated and often ineffective in dealing fairly with crises. The document from the Vatican’s Justice and Peace department should please the “Occupy Wall Street” demonstrators and similar movements around the world who have protested against the economic downturn.
It called for the establishment of “a supranational authority” with worldwide scope and “universal jurisdiction” to guide economic policies and decisions.
He also forced everyone, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on his right hand or on his forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of his name. This calls for wisdom. If anyone has insight, let him calculate the number of the beast, for it is man's number. His number is 666. Revelation 13: 16-18 NIV
Secret U.S. Panel Can Put Citizens On 'Kill List' - October 5,2011 - American militants like Anwar al-Awlaki are placed on a kill or capture list by a secretive panel of senior U.S. government officials, which then informs the president of its decisions, according to U.S. officials.
There is no public record of the operations or decisions of the panel, which is a subset of the White House’s National Security Council, several current and former officials said. Neither is there any law establishing its existence or setting out the rules by which it is supposed to operate.
The panel was behind the decision to add Awlaki, a U.S.-born militant preacher with alleged al Qaeda connections, to the target list. He was killed by a CIA drone strike in Yemen late last month.
The next round of $1.5 trillion in cuts would be decided by a committee of 12 lawmakers evenly divided between the two parties and two chambers. This so-called super Congress would have to present its cuts by Thanksgiving, and the rest of Congress could not amend or filibuster the recommendations.
EUR: European Sunday Alliance Launched in Brussels - On 20 June, some 65 civil society organisations, trade unions and Churches launched the European Sunday Alliance at an event held in the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) in Brussels. In their Founding Statement “Together for decent working hours” the signatories commit to safeguard and promote work-free Sundays and decent working hours throughout Europe. The launch was part of an expert conference on the impact of Sunday work on the health, safety and social integration of workers.
Among the expert speakers were the psychologist Professor Friedhelm Nachreiner, who recently testified in the German Constitutional Court proceedings on Sunday work that resulted in a ban on shop openings on Sundays in that country. He presented the results of numerous studies, proving: “Whatever set of data you look at, whatever aspects you factor in or leave aside, the result is always the same: Any person working on Sundays is negatively affected both in terms of health and safety.”
European Parliament Balks at US Data Deals - October 7, 2010 - Representatives of US security agencies want further concessions from the EU to ensure free access to police computers, bank transfers and airline passenger data in the fight against terror. Washington's army of diplomats in Europe has been taking on one country at a time. Step by step, and largely unnoticed by the public, the US has been pushing through similar arrangements in a number of European capitals.
But that's not the only front on which Washington's anti-terror combatants are active. A few days ago the US government announced further legislation designed to facilitate monitoring of new communication tools such as Twitter and Facebook as well as modern technologies such as Blackberrys and Skype. At almost exactly the same time, the US Treasury presented draft legislation that will allow security agencies free access to the details of all money transfers conducted through banks or credit cards. And Washington doesn't just want to tap into and store this data on its own citizens, but on people worldwide, including Europeans.
After a Year of Setbacks, U.N. Looks to Take Charge of World's Agenda - Spetember 8, 2010 - After a year of humiliating setbacks, United Nations Secretary General Ban ki-Moon and about 60 of his top lieutenants — the top brass of the entire U.N. system — spent their Labor Day weekend at a remote Austrian Alpine retreat, discussing ways to put their sprawling organization in charge of the world’s agenda.
Position papers for the meeting indicate that the topics included:
-- how to restore “climate change” as a top global priority after the fiasco of last year’s Copenhagen summit;
-- how to continue to try to make global redistribution of wealth the real basis of that climate agenda, and widen the discussion further to encompass the idea of “global public goods”;
-- how to keep growing U.N. peacekeeping efforts into missions involved in the police, courts, legal systems and other aspects of strife-torn countries;
-- how to capitalize on the global tide of migrants from poor nations to rich ones, to encompass a new “international migration governance framework”;
-- how to make “clever” use of new technologies to deepen direct ties with what the U.N. calls “civil society,” meaning novel ways to bypass its member nation states and deal directly with constituencies that support U.N. agendas.
As one underlying theme of the sessions, the top U.N. bosses seemed to be grappling often with how to cope with the pesky issue of national sovereignty, which — according to the position papers, anyway — continued to thwart many of their most ambitious schemes, especially when it comes to many different kinds of “global governance.” Not coincidentally, the conclave of bureaucrats also saw in “global governance” a greater role for themselves.
Hammering away at perceptions that nation-states cannot adequately meet global challenges, but the U.N. can, is a major theme of the position papers, which were assembled by a variety of U.N. think tanks, task forces and institutions, including the United Nations Development Program, and the U.N.’s Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
According to the paper prepared by Secretary General Ban’s own climate change team, however, the newly rebranded challenge still depends on the same economic remedy proposed for Copenhagen: a drastic redistribution of global wealth, “nothing less than a fundamental transformation of the global economy.”
As the opening session paper puts it: “The real challenge comes from the exponential growth of the global consumerist society driven by ever higher aspirations of the upper and middle layers in rich countries as well as the expanding demand of emerging middle-class in developing countries. Our true ambition should be therefore creating incentives for the profound transformation of attitudes and consumption styles.”
Along with planting a new flag in the field of international financial regulation, the U.N. chiefs also contemplated the further growth of the U.N. as the world’s policeman. As another paper notes, U.N. peacekeeping operations “will soon have almost 17,000 United Nations police officers serving on four continents” — little more than two years after establishing what one papers calls the institutions “Standing Police Capacity.” The peacekeepers are now also building a “standing justice and corrections element” to go with the semi-permanent police force — a permanent strike force to establish courts and prisons in nations where peacekeepers are stationed.
State Department Stand By Decision to Include Arizona in U.N. Human Rights Report - August 20, 2010 - The State Department included a Justice Department lawsuit against Arizona's immigration law into a United Nations human rights report to show how U.S. rule of law can be an example to the world, a State Department spokesman said Monday. Spokesman P.J. Crowley said Secretary of State Hillary Clinton included the dispute in the report because she thought the U.S. could serve as "a model" to other nations. "The universal periodic review, we believe, can be a model to demonstrate, you know, to other countries, even other countries on the Human Rights Council, this is how you engage civil society,' Crowley told reporters. "And the Arizona immigration law is a good example of how we are debating this as a society. There is a legal case ongoing. And this issue will be resolved under the rule of law," he said.
"The idea of our own American government submitting the duly enacted laws of a state of the United States to 'review' by the United Nations is internationalism run amok and unconstitutional," said Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer.
New EU Ambassador in Washington Claims Transatlantic Authority - August 12, 2010 - Joao Vale de Almeida was this week formally installed as the EU’s ambassador to the US, and suggested that American officials should regard him as their first point of contact for transatlantic discussions. He is the first EU ambassador to be appointed after the controversial Lisbon Treaty gave the EU sweeping new powers. The new ambassador claimed to now be "leading the show" among European representatives in Washington.
The Lisbon Treaty took force last year, taking the EU another step closer towards acting as a single entity in international affairs. The treaty created a European president and foreign minister and gave EU diplomats new powers to speak for all 27 union members on many issues. This is only the start, as the existence of Britain's permanent seat on the UN Security Council is already in the EU sights".
It was approved with 23 "yes" votes, 13 "no" votes and 13 abstentions. Among those who voted "no" were once again Egypt, China and Russia, along with Niger, Morocco, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Those voting in favor included the United States, Britain, Canada, Germany, Brazil and Japan.
U.S. President Barack Obama hailed the outcome. "I welcome this important step forward for human rights," Obama said in a statement. "Today, with the more full inclusion of the International Lesbian and Gay Human Rights Commission, the United Nations is closer to the ideals on which it was founded, and to values of inclusion and equality to which the United States is deeply committed."
Cary Alan Johnson, the group's director, said the decision was "an affirmation that the voices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people have a place at the United Nations as part of a vital civil society community."
Elena Kagan Could Reshape the US Supreme Court - May 12, 2010 - For the first time since it was set up 221 years ago by America's Protestant founding fathers, the US Supreme Court is poised to have a bench without a single Protestant justice, if Jewish candidate Elena Kagan is chosen. If the Senate confirms Elena Kagan, President Barack Obama's choice to replace retiring justice John Paul Stevens, she will join two other Jewish justices and six Roman Catholics serving on the highest court in the land.
Health Care Bill Passes in House - March 23, 2010 - For the first time, most Americans would be required to purchase insurance, and face penalties if they refused. Obama has said often that presidents of both parties have tried without success to achieve national health insurance, beginning with Theodore Roosevelt early in the 20th century.
NZ's Cyber Spies Win New Powers - January 3, 2010 - Official papers obtained by the Star-Times show that, despite government claims that it was done for domestic reasons, the new New Zealand spying capabilities are part of a push by the United States agencies to have standardised surveillance capabilities available for their use from governments worldwide.
While US civil liberties groups unsuccessfully fought these surveillance capabilities being used on dozens of citizens, the FBI was lobbying other governments to adopt them. FBI Director Robert Mueller III told a senate committee in March last year that the FBI needs "global reach" to fight cyber-crime and terrorism and that co-operation with "law enforcement partners" gives it "the means to leverage the collective resources of many countries."
More recently police had taken a warrant to telcos and gone away with printed emails, but did it rarely as there problems using the evidence in court.
"This is the first big jump from there," said the technician.
"They've never had the powers to force ISPs to build in spying capabilities before now.
EU to Allow US Access to Bank Transaction Data - November 27, 2009 - As part of the war on terror, American intelligence services have been monitoring European bank transactions since 2001. When the EU found out about it in 2006, they were outraged. But now it looks like the bloc will agree to a controversial deal that will allow the covert data transafer to continue. Privacy advocates and liberal politicians were outraged. Because it wasn't just terrorists who were being investigated. The potential was there for anyone's data to fall into the US intelligence service's hands. The SWIFT data meant it was possible to follow the financial activities of companies and private individuals in detail.
Gordon Brown to Push for Royal Roman Catholics Law Change - November 26, 2009 - Gordon Brown has sparked controversy on the eve of the Commonwealth summit by suggesting he backs the sweeping away of 300-year-old laws that prevent Roman Catholics ascending to the Throne. The law in question is the Act of Settlement of 1701 which was passed to prevent the return of the Catholic Stuarts.
Obama to Seal US-UN Relationship - September 8, 2009 - Barack Obama will cement the new co-operative relationship between the US and the United Nations this month when he becomes the first American president to chair its 15-member Security Council. “The council has a very important role to play in preventing the spread and use of nuclear weapons, and it’s the world’s principal body for dealing with global security cooperation,” Susan Rice, US envoy to the UN, said last week.
Her remarks were the latest by the Obama administration to emphasise a shift from the strategy of the previous Bush administration, sometimes criticised by its UN partners for seeking to use the world body principally to endorse its own unilateral policies. The US currently holds the month-long rotating presidency of the Security Council.
Obama Picks Cuban Liberation Theologian As U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See - May 28, 2009 - In a surprising move, President Barack Obama announced on Wednesday evening that Miguel H. Diaz, Ph.D., a 45 year old lay Liberation theologian born in Havana (Cuba) is his pick to become the United States Ambassador to the Holy See. In a brief statement, Diaz said that “I wish to be a diplomatic bridge between our nation and the Holy See, and if confirmed by the U.S. Senate, I will continue the work of my predecessors and build on 25 years of excellent relations with the Holy See.”
Sotomayor Would Be Part of Court's Catholic Shift - May 27, 2009 - Sotomayor was raised Catholic and if she is confirmed, six out of nine, or two-thirds of the justices on the court will be from the faith. Catholics make up about one-quarter of the U.S. population. "It's most unusual," said Barbara Perry, a government professor at Sweetbriar College who was already writing a book about Catholics on the Supreme Court when Sotomayor was named as the next nominee. "Presidents used to reserve a Catholic seat and a Jewish seat on the Supreme Court," Perry told CNN Radio. "Now we've moved from a Catholic seat on the court to a Catholic court." "It is more than a random selection process that yielded the current five Catholics on the bench," Perry said. Underlying causes aside, Perry sees the fast shift as a sign that centuries of American concern about Catholics are over. In 1985, a lone Catholic justice, William J. Brennan, Jr., sat on the court. A generation later, that number is poised to become six.
"We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250bn (£170bn) into the world economy and increase global liquidity," it said. SDRs are Special Drawing Rights, a synthetic paper currency issued by the International Monetary Fund that has lain dormant for half a century.
In effect, the G20 leaders have activated the IMF's power to create money and begin global "quantitative easing". In doing so, they are putting a de facto world currency into play. It is outside the control of any sovereign body.
There is now a world currency in waiting. In time, SDRs are likely evolve into a parking place for the foreign holdings of central banks, led by the People's Bank of China. Beijing's moves this week to offer $95bn in yuan currency swaps to developing economies show how fast China aims to break dollar dependence.
US Seeks Expanded Power to Seize Firms - March 24, 2009 - Giving the Treasury secretary authority over a broader range of companies would mark a significant shift from the existing model of financial regulation, which relies on independent agencies that are shielded from the political process. The government at present has the authority to seize only banks.
Vatican Says Islamic Finance May Help Western Banks in Crisis - March 4, 2009 - The Vatican said banks should look at the rules of Islamic finance to restore confidence amongst their clients at a time of global economic crisis. The Vatican’s official newspaper Osservatore Romano said, “The ethical principles on which Islamic finance is based may bring banks closer to their clients and to the true spirit which should mark every financial service.”
Healing the Reformation's Fault Lines - January 28, 2009 - It appears Rome is on the brink of welcoming close to half a million members of the Traditional Anglican Communion into memebrship of the Roman Catholic Church. Such a move would be the most historic development in Anglican-Catholic relations in the last 500 years.
Vatican To Join EU Judicial Co-operation Group - January 12, 2009 - The Vatican is considering whether to join Eurojust, EU's judicial co-operation group against serious cross-border crime, the city's chief prosecutor Nicola Picardi has said.
Vatican Divorces from Italian Law - January 2, 2009 - Vatican legal experts say there are too many laws in Italian civil and criminal codes, and that they frequently conflict with Church principles.
Vatican to Become INTERPOL's 187th Member Country - October 1, 2008 - Closer co-operation with INTERPOL would mark a big step forward for security and public safety at the Vatican City State because of its access to the global police organization’s current network of 186 member countries law enforcement services and National Central Bureaus.
Priest Voted UN General Assembly President - June 4, 2008 - "Certainly I hope that my presidency will address what has become a universal clamor all over the world for the democratization of the United Nations," he said, adding that some people refer to the U.N. as the "longest-lasting dictatorship in the world."
Unlike the Security Council, whose votes can set international law, the General Assembly's resolutions aren't binding. But the assembly controls the U.N. budget and it serves as a world forum for debate.
Tony Blair Faith Foundation - May 2008 - The Foundation promotes understanding between the major faiths, and increased understanding of the role of faith in the modern world. The Foundation will work with Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists.
Holy See Insists That It Has The Right To Speak - Says it participates in International Community as Guardian of man - In a conference delivered Nov. 21, 2007 to a group of ambassadors and members of diplomatic corps gathered in the Argentinian Embassy to the Holy See, Monsignor Pietro Parolin said, “The Catholic Church is the only religious institution that can enter into diplomatic relations and that interests itself in international rights, acting through the Holy See, an international sovereign subject of singular characteristics."
The Holy See currently has diplomatic relations with 176 states. It has a presence at the United Nations as an observer state, membership in seven organizations or agencies within the U.N. system, and is an observer in another eight. The Holy See also has observer status in five regional organizations.
Pope Meets a Saudi King for First Time - November 6, 2007 - Benedict has said he wants to reach out to all countries that still do not have diplomatic relations with the Vatican, which include Saudi Arabia and China.
List of Vatican Concordats 1801-2004 - Concordats are church-state accords that generally give the Church massive state subsidies and other privileges. They also permit Church employees to be hounded about their private lives. Yet as "international treaties", concordats bypass the democratic process, making parliaments powerless to modify, let alone revoke them.
UN head reaffirms ‘strong’ collaboration with World Council of Churches - October 29, 2007 - "As the UN faces the 21st century highlighting the interrelatedness of development, security and human rights, the WCC strongly believes multilateralism is the only way to respond to the challenges of today," said WCC general secretary Samuel Kobia at the meeting.
Appeal for the Establishment of a Parliamentary Assmebly at the United Nations - April 2007 - To ensure international cooperation, secure the acceptance and to enhance the legitimacy of the United Nations and strengthen its capacity to act, people must be more effectively and directly included into the activities of the United Nations and its international organizations. They must be allowed to participate better in the UN’s activities. We therefore recommend a gradual implementation of democratic participation and representation on the global level.
Vatican's UN Mission Granted Diplomatic Immunity - March 7, 2007 - In an executive order March 7 President George W. Bush granted diplomatic immunity and privileges to the members of the Holy See's Permanent Observer Mission to the United Nations.
U.S. Says Pope Immune From Molestation Lawsuit - September 20, 2005 - The lawsuit cites a May 18, 2001, letter from Ratzinger written in Latin to bishops around the world, explaining that "grave" crimes such as the sexual abuse of minors would be handled by his congregation and that the proceedings of special church tribunals handling the cases were subject to "pontifical secret."
Pope Hopes to Expand Vatican Diplomacy - From May 12, 2005, the Vatican currently maintains full diplomatic relations with 174 countries. There are 194 countries in this world. It should not be long before the Vatican has full diplomatic relations with the whole world.
The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations - In the context of the 40th anniversary of the Holy See’s Permanent Observer Mission to the UN, on 1 July 2004, the General Assembly adopted a Resolution, by acclamation, confirming and strengthening the rights of the Holy See as a Permanent Observer in the UN. The Holy See now enjoys, among other things, the right to participate in the general debate of the General Assembly; the right of reply; the right to have its communications issued and circulated directly as official documents of the Assembly; and the right to co-sponsor draft resolutions and decisions that make reference to the Holy See.
Christian Churches Together in the USA - Christian Churches Together in the USA (CCT) is a new forum growing out of a deeply felt need to broaden and expand fellowship, unity, and witness among the diverse expressions of Christian faith today. CCT is inclusive of the diversity of Christian families in the United States — Evangelical, Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Pentecostals, historic Protestant, Racial and Ethnic churches. Officially organized in February of 2004.
Pope Calls for a New World Order - This year (January 1, 2004), John Paul directed his thoughts to continuing conflicts around the globe. But he stressed that to bring about peace, there needs to be a new respect for international law and the creation of a "new international order" based on the goals of the United Nations.
Vatican Is Open to Becoming a Full Member of U.N. - September 21, 2003 - "According to international law, in theory, there are no impediments for the Holy See to become eventually a full member of the United Nations organizations," Cardinal Angelo Sodano said in an address Friday. "Papal sovereignty in the international realm is not determined by its temporal power," he said. "The law has already noted that the Holy See is placed within the international ordering according to its own spiritual character."
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court - The Rome Statute entered into force on 1 July 2002 - The International Criminal Court (ICC), governed by the Rome Statute, is the first permanent, treaty based, international criminal court established to help end impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community.
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - On July 1, 2001 the NCCB and the USCC were combined to form the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). USCCB continues all of the work formerly done by the NCCB and the USCC with the same staff. The bishops themselves form approximately 50 committees, each with its own particular responsibility. The USCCB is an assembly of the Catholic Church hierarchy who work together to unify, coordinate, promote, and carry on Catholic activities in the United States.
Bush Lauds Pope John Paul II as "Great Man" - March 22, 2001 "The best way to honor Pope John Paul II, truly one of the great men, is to take his teaching seriously, is to listen to his words, and to put his words and teachings into action here in America," Bush told the bishop gathered in the White House East Room. "This is a challenge we must accept."
The Elders - 2001 - We are moving to a global village and yet we don't have our global elders. The Elders can be a group who have the trust of the world, who can speak freely, be fiercely independent and respond fast and flexibly in conflict situations.
The Earth Charter - March 2000 - "In order to build a sustainable global community, the nations of the world must renew their commitment to the United Nations, fulfill their obligations under existing international agreements, and support the implementation of Earth Charter principles with an international legally binding instrument on environment and development." (second to last paragraph)
G20 - December 15, 1999 - The G-20 is the premier forum for our international economic development that promotes open and constructive discussion between industrial and emerging-market countries on key issues related to global economic stability. By contributing to the strengthening of the international financial architecture and providing opportunities for dialogue on national policies, international co-operation, and international financial institutions, the G-20 helps to support growth and development across the globe. The G20 was established in 1999, in the wake of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, to bring together major advanced and emerging economies to stabilize the global financial market. Since its inception, the G20 has held annual Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors' Meetings and discussed measures to promote the financial stability of the world and to achieve a sustainable economic growth and development.
The G-20 is made up of the finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries.
Inside America's Secret Court: The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court - Established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 - In a highly restricted room inside the Department of Justice Building in Washington D.C. resides a federal court that meets in complete secrecy. Even though the rulings this secret court issues may result in criminal charges, convictions and prison sentences for US citizens, their writs and rulings are permanently sealed from review by those accused of crimes and from any substantive civilian review. This is the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), which considers surveillance and physical search orders from the Department of Justice and US intelligence agencies. During the 20-year tenure of the FISC the court has received over 10,000 applications for covert surveillance and physical searches. To date, not a single application has been denied.
Committee of Religious NGOs at the UN - The Committee of Religious NGOs at the United Nations has been meeting regularly since 1972 and is composed of the representatives of national and international organizations which define their work as religious, spiritual or ethical in nature and are accredited to the UN. The Committee of Religious NGOs meets regularly to share information and insights about the complex issues and events at the UN. The Committee's focus is two fold. It serves as a forum to inform and educate our constituencies about the global challenges of our time, and the constructive role that the UN can play in addressing those issues. It also serves as a forum for exchanging and promoting shared religious and ethical values in the deliberations of the world organization. Partial membership list
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develpoment - 1961 - The forerunner of OECD was the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC). OEEC was formed in 1947 to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Its headquarters were established at the Château de la Muette in Paris in 1949. OECD took over from OEEC in 1961. Since then, its mission has been to help its member countries to achieve sustainable economic growth and employment and to raise the standard of living in member countries while maintaining financial stability – all this in order to contribute to the development of the world economy. Its founding Convention also calls on it to assist sound economic expansion in other countries and to contribute to growth in world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis.In order to contribute to the development of the world economy, OECD’s focus has progressively broadened to include a growing number of other countries, in addition to its 32 members. It now shares its expertise and accumulated experience with more than 70 developing and emerging market economies.
United Nations - October 24, 1945 - The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on a wide range of issues, and provide a forum for its 192 Member States to express their views, through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees. The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe. Although best known for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are many other ways the United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and programmes) affect our lives and make the world a better place. The Organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the advancement of women, governance, economic and social development and international health, clearing landmines, expanding food production, and more, in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future generations.
The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security."
International Monetary Fund - July 1944 - The IMF was conceived in July 1944, when representatives of 45 countries meeting in the town of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the northeastern United States, agreed on a framework for international economic cooperation, to be established after the Second World War. They believed that such a framework was necessary to avoid a repetition of the disastrous economic policies that had contributed to the Great Depression. The IMF came into formal existence in December 1945, when its first 29 member countries signed its Articles of Agreement. It began operations on March 1, 1947. Later that year, France became the first country to borrow from the IMF.
The IMF's membership began to expand in the late 1950s and during the 1960s as many African countries became independent and applied for membership. But the Cold War limited the Fund's membership, with most countries in the Soviet sphere of influence not joining. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
Bank for International Settlements - 1930 - The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international organisation which fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks. The Bank for International Settlements was established in 1930. It is the world's oldest international financial institution and remains the principal centre for international central bank cooperation.
The BIS was established in the context of the Young Plan (1930), which dealt with the issue of the reparation payments imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles following the First World War. The new bank was to take over the functions previously performed by the Agent General for Reparations in Berlin: collection, administration and distribution of the annuities payable as reparations. The Bank's name is derived from this original role. The BIS was also created to act as a trustee for the Dawes and Young Loans (international loans issued to finance reparations) and to promote central bank cooperation in general. The reparations issue quickly faded, focusing the Bank's activities entirely on cooperation among central banks and, increasingly, other agencies in pursuit of monetary and financial stability.
Since 1930, central bank cooperation at the BIS has taken place through the regular meetings in Basel of central bank Governors and experts from central banks and other agencies. In support of this cooperation, the Bank has developed its own research in financial and monetary economics and makes an important contribution to the collection, compilation and dissemination of economic and financial statistics.
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Road to a New World Order
